Christian Church History
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HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH
CONTENTS.
FROM GREGORY VII. TO BONIFACE VIII. A. D. 1049–1294.
§ 1. General Literature.
§ 2. Introductory Survey.
THE HILDEBRANDIAN POPES. A.D. 1049–1073.
§ 3. Sources and Literature on Chapters I. and II.
§ 4. Hildebrand and his Training.
§ 5. Hildebrand and Leo IX. 1049–1054.
§ 6. Victor II. and Stephen IX. (X.). 1055–1058.
§ 7. Nicolas II. and the Cardinals. 1059–1061.
§ 8. The War against Clerical Marriage.
§ 9. Alexander II. and the Schism of Cadalus. 1061–1073.
§ 10. Hildebrand elected Pope. His Views on the Situation.
§ 11. The Gregorian Theocracy.
§ 12. Gregory VII. as a Moral Reformer. Simony and Clerical Marriage.
§ 13. The Enforcement of Sacerdotal Celibacy.
§ 14. The War over Investiture.
§ 15. Gregory VII. and Henry IV.
§ 16. Canossa. 1077.
§ 17. Renewal of the Conflict. Two Kings and Two Popes.
§ 18. Death of Gregory VII.
THE PAPACY FROM THE DEATH OF GREGORY VII. TO THE CONCORDAT OF WORMS. A.D. 1085–1122.
§ 19. Victor III. and Urban II. 1086–1099.
§ 20. Pascal II. and Henry V. 1099–1118.
§ 21. The Concordat of Worms. 1122.
§ 22. The Conflict of the Hierarchy in England. William the Conqueror and Lanfranc.
§ 23. William Rufus and Anselm.
§ 24. Anselm and Henry I.
THE PAPACY FROM THE CONCORDAT OF WORMS TO INNOCENT III. A.D. 1122–1198.
§ 25. Innocent II., 1130–1143, and Eugene III., 1145–1153.
§ 26. Arnold of Brescia.
§ 27. The Popes and the Hohenstaufen.
§ 28. Adrian IV. and Frederick Barbarossa.
§ 29. Alexander III. in Conflict with Barbarossa.
§ 30. The Peace of Venice. 1177.
§ 31. Thomas Becket and Henry II of England.
§ 32. The Archbishop and the King.
§ 33. The Martyrdom of Thomas Becket. Dec. 29, 1170.
§ 34. The Effects of Becket’s Murder.
INNOCENT III. AND HIS AGE. A.D. 1198–1216.
§ 35. Literature.
§ 36. Innocent’s Training and Election.
§ 37. Innocent’s Theory of the Papacy.
§ 38. Innocent and the German Empire.
§ 39. Innocent and King John of England.
§ 40. Innocent and Magna Charta.
§ 41. The Fourth Lateran Council, 1215.
THE PAPACY FROM THE DEATH OF INNOCENT III. TO BONIFACE VIII. 1216–1294.
§ 42. The Papal Conflict with Frederick II Begun.
§ 43. Gregory IX. and Frederick II. 1227–1241.
§ 44. The First Council of Lyons and the Close of Frederick’s Career. 1241–1250.
§ 45. The Last of the Hohenstaufen.
§ 46. The Empire and Papacy at Peace. 1271–1294.
§ 47. Literature on the Crusades as a Whole.
§ 48. Character and Causes of the Crusades.
§ 49. The Call to the Crusades.
§ 50. The First Crusade and the Capture of Jerusalem.
§ 51. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1099–1187.
§ 52. The Fall of Edessa and the Second Crusade.
§ 53. The Third Crusade. 1189–1192.
§ 54. The Children’s Crusades.
§ 55. The Fourth Crusade and the Capture of Constantinople. 1200–1204.
§ 56. Frederick II. and the Fifth Crusade. 1229.
§ 57. St. Louis and the Last Crusades. 1248, 1270.
§ 58. The Last Stronghold of the Crusaders in Palestine.
§ 59. Effects of the Crusades.
§ 60. The Military Orders.
§ 61. The Revival of Monasticism.
§ 62. Monasticism and the Papacy.
§ 63. The Monks of Cluny.
§ 64. The Cistercians.
§ 65. St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
§ 66. The Augustinians, Carthusians, Carmelites, and other Orders.
§ 67. Monastic Prophets.
§ 68. The Mendicant Orders.
§ 69. Franciscan Literature.
§ 70. St. Francis d’Assisi.
§ 71. The Franciscans.
§ 72. St. Dominic and the Dominicans.
§ 73. Literature and General Survey.
§ 74. Missions in Northeastern Germany.
§ 75. Missions among the Mohammedans.
§ 76. Missions among the Mongols.
§ 77. The Jews.
§ 78. Literature for the Entire Chapter.
§ 79. The Mediaeval Dissenters.
§ 80. The Cathari.
§ 81. Peter de Bruys and Other Independent Leaders.
§ 82. The Amaurians and Other Isolated Sects.
§ 83. The Beguines and Beghards.
§ 84. The Waldenses.
§ 85. The Crusades against the Albigenses.
§ 86. The Inquisition. Its Origin and Purpose.
§ 87. The Inquisition. Its Mode of Procedure and Penalties.
§ 88. Schools.
§ 89. Books and Libraries.
§ 90. The Universities.
§ 91. The University of Bologna.
§ 92. The University of Paris.
§ 93. Oxford and Cambridge.
§ 94. The Cathedrals.
SCHOLASTIC AND MYSTIC THEOLOGY.
§ 95. Literature and General Introduction.
§ 96. Sources and Development of Scholasticism.
§ 97. Realism and Nominalism.
§ 98. Anselm of Canterbury.
§ 99. Peter Abaelard.
§ 100. Abaelard’s Teachings and Theology.
§ 101. Younger Contemporaries of Abaelard.
§ 102. Peter the Lombard and the Summists.
§ 103. Mysticism.
§ 104. St. Bernard as a Mystic.
§ 105. Hugo and Richard of St. Victor.
§ 106. Alexander of Hales.
§ 107. Albertus Magnus.
§ 108 Thomas Aquinas.
§ 109. Bonaventura.
§ 110. Duns Scotus.
§ 111. Roger Bacon.
§ 112. Literature on the Sacraments.
§ 113. The Seven Sacraments.
§ 114. Baptism and Confirmation.
§ 115. The Eucharist.
§ 116. Eucharistic Practice and Superstition.
§ 117. Penance and Indulgences.
§ 118. Penance and Indulgences.
§ 119. Extreme Unction, Ordination, and Marriage.
§ 120. Sin and Grace.
§ 121. The Future State.
§ 122. The canon Law.
§ 123. The Papal Supremacy in Church and State.
§ 124. The Pope and the Curia.
§ 125. Bishops.
§ 126. The Lower Clergy.
§ 127. The Councils.
§ 128. Church and Clergy in England.
§ 129. Two English Bishops.
POPULAR WORSHIP AND SUPERSTITION.
§ 130. The Worship of Mary.
§ 131. The Worship of Relics.
§ 132. The Sermon.
§ 133. Hymns and Sacred Poetry.
§ 134. The Religious Drama.
§ 135. The Flagellants.
§ 136. Demonology and the Dark Arts.
§ 137. The Age passing Judgment upon Itself.